To add an extrude in FreeCAD’s Part Design workbench, you will use the Pad tool. This tool allows you to extrude a sketch or a face of a solid along a straight path. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to do it:

1. Open FreeCAD and Create a New Document:
   • Start FreeCAD and create a new document where you will design your part.
2. Select the Part Design Workbench:
   • Switch to the Part Design workbench. This workbench is specifically designed for creating and modifying solid parts using sketches.
3. Create a Sketch:
   • Click on the “Create a new sketch” button and select the plane (e.g., XY plane) where you want to draw your sketch.
   • Use the sketching tools to draw the shape you want to extrude. Ensure that the sketch is a closed profile, as open profiles cannot be padded into solids.
4. Use the Pad Tool:
   • With your sketch selected, click on the “Pad” button in the toolbar or navigate to Part Design → Create an additive feature → Pad in the menu.
   • A dialog will appear where you can set the parameters for the extrusion, such as the length and direction.
5. Set the Pad Parameters:
   • Length: Specify the distance you want the sketch to be extruded.
   • Direction: Choose the direction of the extrusion. You can extrude normal to the sketch plane or specify a custom direction.
   • Taper Angle (optional): You can set a taper angle if you want the extrusion to widen or narrow along its length.
6. Confirm the Operation:
   • Click the OK button to apply the extrusion. The sketch will be extruded into a 3D solid based on the parameters you set.

The Pad tool is specifically used within the Part Design workbench for creating solids from sketches. If you’re working with other types of geometry or need more complex extrusion options, you might explore the Part workbench’s Extrude feature, which offers different functionalities and is suitable for a broader range of shapes.

FreeCAD Tutorial for Beginners: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLUrr_kHPp4vjk57NoQBYessHXIfoVpOgv